Friday, September 4, 2020

Popular Street Artists

During a stroll along the roads of most urban focuses, one may experience different works of art showed on dividers. The legislature doesn't endorse a sizeable level of these works of art. Road workmanship alludes to the illicit visual craftsmanship. Road specialists for the most part attempt their work in spite of the danger of arrest.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Popular Street Artists explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various road craftsmen have increased overall notoriety because of their road craftsmanships. A portion of the road specialists incorporate Alexandre Farto , Christian Guã ©my, Banksy, Shepard Fairey, and Brian Donnelly. Banksy is a dubious road craftsman whose works are in dividers in London, Brighton, and Bristol. Banksy has even displayed his works of art on the dividers of West Bank. Banksy’s genuine character is as yet obscure. Be that as it may, different sources guarantee to know his genuine personality. Banksy has numerous fans because of his dazzling gems. Banksy has a few big name fans who incorporate Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie and Christina Aguirela (Joseph para 3). Banksy has ironical fine arts that utilization dull funniness to communicate their message. Banksy started his vocation as a spray painting craftsman during the mid 1990s. At first, he was an individual from the DryBreadZ Crew (BDZ). During the turn of the thousand years, Bansky wandered into stenciling because of the less time that it takes to stencil. The move to stenciling empowered Banksy to pick up prevalence in Bristol and London. The vast majority of Banksy’s works of art have disorderly messages. He utilizes cops, kids, officers, and the old as subjects that empower him to communicate. In 2004, Banksy made a sizeable number of phony  £10 takes note of that had the picture of Princess Diana rather than Queen Elizabeth. With an end goal to dishonor the Bank of England, Banksy satirically supplanted the words ‘Bank of England’ with ‘Banksy of England.’ During the Notting Hill Carnival, someone in particular dispensed the phony cash to the crowd.Advertising Looking for exposition on craftsmanship? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The notes brought  £200 on e-Bay. Banksy utilizes road craftsmanship to communicate his political perspectives. A portion of the perspectives might be questionable. Banksy additionally helps in the improvement of different craftsmen. He has different displays that give different craftsmen a stage to show their work. In 2008, he facilitated the Cans Festival in London. The celebration gave a stage to different spray painting specialists to show their aptitudes. This has empowered Banksy to get one of the most renowned and persuasive road craftsmen. Alexandre Farto is one of the most popular Portuguese road craftsmen. He utilizes the nom de plume. Vhils has been a road craftsman sin ce the youthful age of 13 years. He began his profession by painting on trains. Vhils is an alum of expressions from the University of Arts London. Vhils credits his present prominence to the stage that Banksy gives different craftsmen to empower them depict their abilities. There are works of art of Vhils in Moscow, London, Lisbon, and New York. Alexandre Farto embraced the name Vhils, since he loved splashing the letters (Jones para 3). Vhils began doing road craftsmanship at the young age of 13 years. At the point when he was 17 years of age, he began having an alternate image of dividers. Dividers told the historical backdrop of his nation. This propelled Vhils to begin cutting into dividers to mirror the evolving times. Vhils has different road fine arts of ordinary legends (Jones para 6). These works of art are in different nations over the globe. Vhils attempts to utilize road craftsmanship to narrative the evolving times. In this way, his craftsmanships help in social turn o f events. The Cans Festival gave Vhils a stage that empowered him to accomplish his present ubiquity. During the celebration, his work showed up close by that of Banksy. From that point forward, Vhils has completed a few shows on his own.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Popular Street Artists explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vhils has held different shows in Lisbon, Paris, and New York. These shows have empowered Vhils to show his aptitudes. Moreover, the shows have empowered him to communicate his thoughts. The shows additionally bring Vhils a lot of cash. Another well known road craftsman is Christian Guã ©my. Guã ©my utilizes the alias. C215 is a 38-year-old French road craftsman who hails from Paris. The wide open foundation of C215 made him do not have any association with spray painting or stenciling work until he was 15 years of age. Be that as it may, after doing some spray painting at the youthful age he got exhausted with spray p ainting. He just came back to accomplish spray painting work in his adulthood. The desire to make a gift by painting her daughter’s face on the roads was the fundamental factor that spurred C215 to wander into road workmanship. Nonetheless, his road fine arts increased immense prominence provoking him to turn into an expert craftsman. In this manner, C215 didn't embark to turn into an expert craftsman. He turned into a road craftsman by some coincidence. C215 became outside the road workmanship culture that impacts a large portion of the cutting edge road fine art. C215 is against the reiteration, overconsumption, promotion, and skepticism, which portray most present day road work of art. C215 utilizes his work of art to give expectation and nobility to the general public. In this manner, he utilizes his craftsmanship to shape another progress. The vast majority of the fine art of C215 comprises of representations of individuals. He utilizes poor people, destitute, and displa ced people as a portion of his subjects. These subjects empower C215 to utilize craftsmanship to communicate. These subjects help in pulling together the general public on overlooked individuals. C215 utilizes fine arts in different urban areas around the globe. A portion of the urban communities incorporate Barcelona, Rome, and London. C215 is likewise engaged with other business fine art activities.Advertising Searching for article on workmanship? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Shepard Fairey is one of the most well known American road specialists. Fairey, 43, hails from Charleston, North Carolina. Fairey’s inclusion in workmanship began in 1984 when he was 14 years of age. The journey to sharpen his abilities propelled Fahey to join the Rhode Island School of Design from where he acquired a degree in Fine Arts in 1988. Perhaps the most punctual work of Fairey is ‘Andre the Giant Has a Posse.’ Fairey made this bit of craftsmanship while he was all the while learning at the Rhode Island School of Design. Not long after graduation, Fairey wandered into proficient work of art by making a little printing organization. The organization worked in silkscreens and craftsmanships on different attire. This empowered Fairey to build up his specialty aptitudes. Later on, Fairey helped in the development of different organizations that were engaged with proficient fine art exercises. One of Fairey’s most renowned bits of work of art is the Bar rack Obama ‘Hope’ banner. Fairey likewise has different road works of art. In any case, these works of art have landed him in issues a few times. The dangers engaged with road fine art expect craftsmen to do road work of art tactfully. Road craftsmen may confront prosecution from different gatherings because of vandalism of their property. This is on the grounds that road specialists deal with different people’s property. Notwithstanding, this doesn't keep road craftsmen from depicting their works of art in different open spots. On February 2009, police captured Fairey because of his spray painting. Fairey utilizes road fine art as a road that empowers him to communicate his thoughts. What's more, Fairey has wall paintings in a few nations. A portion of the paintings are in London and Copenhagen (Bofkin para 1). Brian Donnelly is another famous American road craftsman. The craftsman utilizes the pen name. KAWS hails from Jersey City, New Jersey. KAWS started doin g his work of art by doing spray painting in Jersey City. During the 1990s, he moved to New York City. In New York City, KAWS started his profession by sabotaging the symbolism on different announcements and ads inside the city. In this manner, he made appealing bits of workmanship. These notices stayed in their revised structure for a while. This expanded the prominence of the craftsman. KAWS has been engaged with different business work of art exercises. During the late 1990s, he planned vinyl toys, which were well known in different nations. The achievement of the toys incited him to frame associations with different organizations for the production of apparel. KAWS likewise structured the jug of Dos Equis, a Mexican brew. A portion of the fine arts of KAWS incorporate a few acrylic works of art and models. KAWS has redesigned different mainstream notable figures. These figures incorporate Mickey Mouse and the Smurfs. The works of art of KAWS have empowered him to utilize his cra ftsmanship in mass-created stock. KAWS has delivered different works of art that have been financially effective as mass-created stock. Be that as it may, KAWS keeps on taking part in different compelling artwork exercises that don't include large scale manufacturing. KAWS shows how craftsmen can make the most of existing business openings while staying consistent with their calling. Works Cited Bofkin, Lee. â€Å"Street craftsman Shepard Fairey discloses biggest wall painting in the UK.† The Guardian. 2012. Web. Jones, Alice. â€Å"Vhils: The specialty of urban decay.† The free, 2012. Web. Joseph, Claudia. â€Å"Graffiti craftsman Banksy unmasked†¦ as a previous open student from white collar class suburbia.† MailOnline. 2008. Web. This exposition on Popular Street Artists was composed and presented by client Grace Stevens to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

David Hockney’s iPhone Passion

Question: Compose an essayDavid Hockneys iPhone Passion. Answer: David Hockney is a painter from England and is notable for his tremendous commitment towards the Pop workmanship development. He began to draw on an iPhone and use to send his work to his companions all simultaneously. Dibbell concentrated on this point to compose a paper that is innovation situated. In this theme, he portrayed the example of overcoming adversity of a craftsman utilizing an iPhone as the masterful articulation source. David Hockney has spearheaded the universe of workmanship by changing his canvas into an iPhone and his paintbrush into his pointer. His enthusiasm for iPhone expanded with his revelation of the application Brushes in iPhone where he can bring his creative mind into light by drawing pictures with his iPhone (Leibowitz, 2013). With this methodology, I can express that innovation is assuming control over the conventional method of workmanship. Nonetheless, a contention can be advanced that the style of the works of art on canvas can't be made with iPhone and it will absolutely do not have the vocation. Reference Leibowitz, D. S. (2013).Mobile Digital Art: Using the IPad and IPhone as Creative Tools. Taylor Francis.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

An Analysis of Emily Dickinsons I Felt a Funeral in My Brain :: Felt a Funeral in My Brain Essays

An Analysis of Emily Dickinson's I Felt a Funeral in My Brain This sonnet is intriguing in numerous angles since it helps me to remember an individual that I use to know. In my life I have met individuals simply like Emily Dickinson who were intellectually discouraged and truly unsociable. In this sonnet it shows how temperamental her psyche was in words that she wrote in her sonnets. I don't need individuals to misunderstand me she was a shrewd lady it was said that she went to Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, it additionally said that she was probably the best artist everything being equal. I don't comprehend were she turned out badly in light of the fact that she carried on a typical youth where she was extremely splendid, clever, benevolent to individuals, she had companions, and she went to parties. So where did she turn out badly? By her mid 30's she started to isolate herself from everybody, even the individuals who she clearly adored needed to talk with her from the opposite side of a shut entryway. In her life it was that she was enamored with some man who kicked the bucket this possibly her for become discouraged. Emily Dickinson was self-destructive (which means she attempted to kill her multiple occasions, yet feared what it would resemble). I am happy we got this sonnet since I have a few things I might want to state about this odd acting lady. In my town were I originated from their was a young lady who acted simply like this woman. This young lady would not converse with anybody, she would flee constantly, she attempted to end it all a few times, yet didn't succeed. Her folks it appeared they would be continually searching for he constantly. So at long last one day they chose to place her into a medical clinic to perceive what was making her demonstration like this. In my psyche I think she was discouraged in light of the fact that she didn't have any companions. Furthermore, as per my insight Emily Dickinson was a similar way. Emily Dickinson was a keen individual, yet she was abnormal acting. For instance, I read her sonnet I Felt a <a href=http://www.

Digital Health Innovation for Consumers

Question: Talk about the Digital Health Innovation for Consumers. Answer: Presentation: My Health Record is an exceptionally new suggestion that has been set somewhere near the famous specialists working under the Australian Digital Health Agency by the Australian government. It is recommended by them that My Health Record will for the most part go about as an online entrance which will contain all the wellbeing related data of every single individual of Australia. This is fundamentally finished with a goal to get the wellbeing data of residents to have a point by point thought regarding the different sort of illnesses and disarranges they are confronting, what sort of medications they are selecting to for their improvement, what sort of plans and methods are taken by the clinics, their affirmation subtleties, their release subtleties, subtleties of the treatment directed and some more. It is additionally accepted that the administration will attempt to pick up data from this entryway so as to comprehend the working strategies of both the private and legislative clinics , the absolute charges for the patients, regardless of whether they are costing truly, the significant infections that are influencing people, the intercessions and approach changes that they require to embrace, etc (Kraan et al., 2015). The administration accepts that with the wellbeing records if appropriately kept up by the residents and the human services habitats thus will help in growing better choices in social insurance. Be that as it may, it turns out to be critical for fundamentally examining the issues, abilities and furthermore advantages of the new pursuit before the legislature acquaints it with the country. This will help the administration in appropriately using the affirmed subsidize with the goal that the store isn't squandered on a bombed venture. The report will fundamentally feature three significant area s of the issues, capacities and the advantages that the venture will understanding with the goal that one can build up a thought regarding how the undertaking will exceed expectations in Australia. An enormous number of issues are relied upon to emerge from the current method of online entry for keeping records. The first would incorporate the absence of instruction and budgetary quality of low financial classes to enroll themselves and keep up their records on the entry. This might be because of their powerlessness to deal with advanced media or might be their failure to manage the cost of such mediums. This may thusly prompt inappropriate assortment of information that may hamper the measurable examination and information investigation that the administration means to perform (Chow et al., 2016). Another issue that may likewise emerge is the disparity which may be trailed by human services parts while transferring their information for any hiding of archives concerning money related data won't have the option to be judges appropriately. In this manner, superfluous medicinal services costs whenever charged by emergency clinic segments may not go under legislative investigation . This eventually prompts the disappointment of the fundamental strategic the administration. In addition other issue may likewise emerge like numerous patients may refresh certain bits of their clinical records without proceeding with their updates for certain timeframe. This irregularity in their updates may not just hamper the emergency clinics from fundamentally breaking down the soundness of the patient however may likewise influence the administration while leading their studies and making reasonable strides (Bhimdhim, Hawkey Trevena, 2015). In addition, protection concerns consistently assume an incredible job while setting up any online gateways or applications as digital wrongdoings are believed to increment in rate each year. Abilities: So as to portray about the abilities, one can clarify the positive outcomes that it will in general bring out from vary districts of Australia. As the application will be on the web, it will have the ability to arrive at every single corner of Australia and consequently interfacing with each such individual and social affair their information would get not just simpler and furthermore would be modest (Miyamoto et al., 2016). Besides it would likewise help in numerous more established residents to transfer their subtleties as they might not have the portability capacity to arrive at emergency clinics and comparable divisions (Hemsley et al., 2017). It would have the ability for the administration to deal with its assets successfully legitimately handling the wellbeing value and effectiveness gave by them. It will likewise be able to decide whether the prerequisite of a patient is an interest or a need and this will in a roundabout way help the administration to comprehend whether the assets are adequately utilized. Accordingly the wellbeing record application will fundamentally help the administration in checking every single record of the patients and furthermore of the medicinal services parts with the goal that solid choices can be taken by the legislature while assessing heath of its country and proposing approaches for them. It additionally encourages the emergency clinics to exhibit their names and furthermore clarify the consideration that they provide so as to build their patient base (Neubeck et al., 2015). In addition as they are giving data to patients over web, they will in general spare more assets and time which would not have been conceivable in coordinated patent specialist gatherings. Advantages: An enormous number of advantages can be accomplished by both the patients and the medicinal services areas in the event that they proceed with their updates and record support on the web. It is proposed that the gateway will have a point by point record of the patients which can be seen by the specialists and other related guardians who may give significant exhortation and direction to the patient (Huckvale et al., 2015). Regardless of whether the patient ventures interstate, he doesn't need to convey reports making it open from anyplace in the nation (Almond, Cummings Turner, 2016). In addition the individual can likewise control who can see it. This at last aides in improving the security as the specialists can promptly get to the data in the event of any kind of crisis. Another advantage it has on patients is that they don't need to rehash their clinical history, illness or confusion states, result dates and numerous others each time they change specialists. It likewise helps the patients for individual recognition additionally like that of their childrens inoculations, clinical tests and others (Scott et al., 2016). Another advantage of this application is that it will have a solid security framework which will assist with keeping up protection and classification about the patients. End: Subsequently, the legislature needs to plainly evaluate the issue, abilities just as the advantages that every single partner will look on the presentation of the new application called the My Health Record. In the event that famous analysts and strategy producer alongside the distinctive application designer work in like manner to defeat the issues, improve their abilities and increment the advantages of the wellbeing record, the respectable activity will prevail in its crucial make a framework where government can diminish monetary weight on patients and furthermore build up a general checking assemblages of medicinal services framework in Australia. References: Almond, H., Cummings, E., Turner, P. (2016, August). Keeping away from Failure for Australias Digital Health Record: The Findings from a Rural E-Health Participatory Research Project. InDigital Health Innovation for Consumers, Clinicians, Connectivity and Community: Selected Papers from the 24th Australian National Health Informatics Conference (HIC 2016)(Vol. 227, p. 8). IOS Press. BinDhim, N. F., Hawkey, A., Trevena, L. (2015). A deliberate audit of value appraisal strategies for cell phone wellbeing apps.Telemedicine and e-Health,21(2), 97-104. Chow, C. K., Ariyarathna, N., Islam, S. M. S., Thiagalingam, A., Redfern, J. (2016). mHealth in cardiovascular wellbeing care.Heart, Lung and Circulation,25(8), 802-807. Hemsley, B., McCarthy, S., Adams, N., Georgiou, A., Hill, S., Balandin, S. (2017). Lawful, moral, and rights issues in the reception and utilization of the My Health Record by individuals with correspondence handicap in Australia.Journal of Intellectual Developmental Disability, 1-9. Huckvale, K., Prieto, J. T., Tilney, M., Benghozi, P. J., Car, J. (2015). Unaddressed protection hazards in licensed wellbeing and health applications: a cross-sectional orderly assessment.BMC medicine,13(1), 214. Kraan, C. W., Piggott, J. J. H., van der Vegt, F., Wisse, L. (2015). Individual Health Records: Solving hindrances to upgrade reception. Miyamoto, S. W., Henderson, S., Young, H. M., Pande, A., Han, J. J. (2016). Following wellbeing information isn't sufficient: A subjective investigation of the job of social insurance organizations and mhealth innovation to elevate physical movement and to continue conduct change.JMIR mHealth and uHealth,4(1). Neubeck, L., Coorey, G., Peiris, D., Mulley, J., Heeley, E., Hersch, F., Redfern, J. (2016). Improvement of a coordinated e-wellbeing device for individuals with, or at high danger of, cardiovascular infection: The Consumer Navigation of Electronic Cardiovascular Tools (CONNECT) web application.International diary of clinical informatics,96, 24-37. Neubeck, L., Lowres, N., Benjamin, E. J., Freedman, S. B., Coorey, G., Redfern, J. (2015). The versatile transformation [mdash] utilizing cell phone applications to forestall cardiovascular disease.Nature Reviews Cardiology,12(6), 350-360. Scott, K. M., Gome, G. A., Richards, D., Caldwell, P. H. (2015). How reliable are applications for maternal and youngster health?.Health and Technology,4(4), 329-336.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Macintosh Retail Group Essays - Steve Jobs, Retail, Macintosh

Mac Retail Group The Macintosh Retail Group A short outline The Macintosh Retail Group is a Dutch holding, that today contends in the parts of apparel, living and automotives. It comprises of the organizations Superconfex (attire), Kwantum, Tonton Tapis, Bartels Decor, GP D?cors, Klerkx Group (living), Halfords (car) and other littler ones. Today, the gathering is dynamic in a few European nations, to be specific the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Germany. A few numbers for Macintosh 1990-1995 turnover in net benefit in number a huge number of Dfl a huge number of Dfl of workers 1990 1,049.6 18.3 5,793 1991 1,070.1 30.5 5,730 1992 1,113.8 29.1 5,750 1993 912.1 51.3 3,616 1994 934.2 38.5 3,737 1995 999.8 22.5 4,136 In 1995 it made a benefit of Dfl 22.5 million and utilized 4.136 thousand specialists. Looking on the aftereffects of 1994, we come to realize that the gathering made 39% of its benefit with style, 47% with living and 14% in the car division, which is most likely like 1995. During the historical backdrop of the holding (it began with being a vocation creation program in 1932), the structure of the Macintosh Retail Group changed: Under the name of Cenfectie Ateliers Chas Macintosh N.V. it developed to the biggest maker of attire in Europe during the 1950s and 1960s, which was finished by get different organizations. During the 1960s Macintosh began creating abroad, so as to stay serious. This proceeded during the 1970s, at which time the creation in Western Europe was about eliminated in view of the expenses, particularly to Belgium, Portugal and Tunisia. With making a different holding organization and separate activity organizations, the authoritative structure was completely changed in 1977. However, not by any means that progression forestalled the Group of making a negative operational benefit of Dfl 19 millions of every 1980. Because of that, a recuperation plan was created by the administration and a key arranging process was presented. It comprises of changing creation over to retailing, which is clearly an explanation behind the reality, that in 1990 about 90% of all out turnover was acknowledged in the retail part. With acquisitions of organizations of the divisions living and car over the most recent 15 years, the Macintosh Group kept amplifying. A peak of this advancement might be found in the year 1993, in which the Group almost halted its total creation exercises. It tends to be stated, that all through this procedure it advanced from a tailor to a retailer. The desires for the administration for what's to come are fundamentally to build the quantity of the shops (334 of every 1994), and thus of the retail floor space (300.000 square meters in 1994). The Group attempts to reinforce its market positions and to improve efficiency. Fortify its market positions ought to be reached with extension through acquisitions on the worldwide market, with amassing in northwestern Europe. With doing this, Macintosh attempts to set up and increment its situation in the market areas of dress, living and car. In spite of the fact that the part of garments loses its significance inside the Group, it is intended to build up this segment further during the following years.

Friday, August 7, 2020

Drones in their Surveillance Mission

Drones in their Surveillance Mission Surveillance and Drones in Australia Nov 19, 2018 in Persuasive Essay The Importance of Drones in Surveillance of Australia How does it feel to lose a loved one in a war serving as a soldier? What if there was a way to keep surveillance at a distance without the need of a soldier at the scene? Security and environmental awareness is an important element in the society to be gambled with human life. This is the reason why drones are felt a good discovery in the world of surveillance according to ABC News (2012, par. 3-7). Therefore, any dismissive claims that these drones do not have a better capacity than satellites and helicopters are outrageously misinformed. Today, I would like to propose the importance of drones and again, why they are useful in doing the work that helicopters and satellites currently do. I will begin by discussing the importance of drones in surveillance. The use of drones in surveillance in Australia law enforcement agencies cannot be overlooked. There has been an increasing trend across the world in the use of drones in surveillance including the United States and other developed nations. To keep up with the trend, it is prudent for Australia to embrace these developments. With the increasing insecurity all over the world and technological advancement, surveillance drones are inevitable. It is unlikely that any country using helicopters and satellites would beat the use of drones as surveillance tools in other nations.

Tuesday, June 23, 2020

Organisational Behaviour In Life Experiences Of Teams - Free Essay Example

The assignment brings out the discussion over the organisational behaviour in life experience of team work in organisation or in classroom activities. Organisational behaviour in a team work plays a vital role and it is the topic has been discussed for a very long time and now nearly everyone knows about its concepts. Simply the organisations wont perform but the one person or many people. When it comes to organisations there should be a team work and perform individuals cant perform whatever they want in an organization they have to form a team and perform individually as well as teams. So when forming a team, organizational behaviour influences toward its success. Organizational Behaviours is the key aspect to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst people in the organizations. Other attributes like leadership, motivation, decision making, openness to discuss problems, challenge-initiative is all in the base concept of Organizational behaviour to help the business achieve its strategic and in some business objectives. The proper definition of organizational behaviour with its understanding and management has resulted in development of few key offshoots to the concept of Organizational behaviours In my view a personality behaviour means how can we describe a person, how this person differences from the others behaviour, how we can measure the characteristics and differences. Psychometrics is also the most important related to the assessment and measurement of the personality, aptitude, intelligence. It is like the unique character of the individual and measure and understands the differences between the individuals. I think the term itself indicates the properties of behaviour which are both enduring and set the individual apart from others. These properties concern the individuals typical ways of coping with life. I am going to explain a few words about the group because it will explain the importance of individual in the group . The group may spend a lot of time on the each stage, but some groups never reaching the final stages because the personality and levels of dominance of each member may play a large part in the failure or success of the group and its ability to progress through the different stages, the time goes by changes occur, such as new members joining the group or old members leaving the group may re-enter the cycle and begin the development of the process all over again. In this assignment i am going to use the Leadership theory and Motivation Maslows theory. These theories are best suitable for my opinions or views that are raised in my experience and i like those theories a lot so the two theories are chosen. Let me start with those theories Leadership theory A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership is one of the most hotly debated topics in management studies, social psyc hology and organisational psychology (Pfeiffer 1993). Despite the depth and breadth of debate concerning leadership effectiveness, it remains an elusive construct. As a result, researchers and practitioners have not reached a consensus on a true and concise definition that represents an accurate depiction of effective leadership in all situations and possibilities. The leadership is one of the effective concepts and well defined as: Treat people with politeness, respect and dignity and in doing so create a strong role model for others to follow. Building a reputation of fairness gives you a buffer against the times when the policy is wrong or you behave badly Gratton (2000:206) According to Nathan F. Iannone, leadership can be defined as the art of influencing, directing, guiding, and controlling others in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect and loyal cooperation in accomplishment of an objective. Leadership is about the future and about how do I tap into the group orientation (into what everybody shares). According to Jago (1982) the quality and the qualified, good leaders are not born instead they are made with the influenza ion of the training and the self-assessment, developing skills by improvising others. The natural people ability is also evaluated as a measure of walk their talk. The fascination of the leadership is much higher in terms of the charismatic leader. The leadership based on this charismatic model is really being focused towards the vision and also the ability and the talents are naturally born and also termed as gift. The natural leader adapts the tapping of their inner resources and also natural leaders are more often generalist (Stonefield, 1992:3). The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the preliminary components which de termine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed broad dispositions. Consider how you would describe the personality of a close friend. Chances are that you would list a number of traits, such as outgoing, kind and even-tempered. A trait can be thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. Unlike many other theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic or humanistic theories, the trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. The combination and interaction of various traits forms a personality that is unique to each individual. Trait theory is focused on identifying and measuring these individual personality characteristics. According to Offer Mann, Hanges and Day (2001) much of the discourse on the internal characteristics of leadership over recent years has focused on values and ethics. They argue that disillusionment and a lack of confidence in political leadership have been generated by the particular values that political leaders use to motivate their actions. As a result, Offermann, Hanges and Day (2001) claim that the world is more aware of the importance that values play in leadership effectiveness and success. In addition, it has been shown that particular types of leaders attract different followers depending on their value types (Ehrhart Klein 2001). McShane (2001) argues that in order to motivate, influence, be liked and respected, a leaders values need to align themselves with those of their employees and to reflect integrity, honesty, compassion and assertiveness. The contingency leadership is one of the effective leadership techniques and also has an ability to act as a vital tool in establishing the focus on variables in an environment in order to determine the situations which really opt for our behaviour in any kind of situation. The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the preliminary components which determine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). My definition of Leadership is being able to: inspire others, motivate, set a vision, communicate, respect others, and lead by example. A leader must have an honest understanding of who they are, what they know, a nd what they are capable of. To be successful person you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors. In my opinion this can build confidence in your followers in their faith in you to be able to lead. Followers Different person require different styles of leadership. For example, a company I was working requires more supervision than an experienced employee. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than anyone with a high degree of motivation. You must know your people! The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees be, know, and do attributes. Communication Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another person; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receive. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationship between you and your employees. Situation Situations are different from all time. Leader is an individual who can use different leadership styles based on the situations .decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example, you may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behaviour, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective. Also note that the situation normally has a greater effect on a leaders action than his or her traits. This is because while traits may have an impressive stability over a period of time, they have little consistency across situations (Mischel, 1968). This is why a number of leadership scholars think the Process Theory of Leadership is a more accurate than the Trait Theory of Leadership. Every organisation is subdivided into two different categories such as formal and informal. The organisation when seen as external spectator it appears to be formal w ith its will defined mission statement, policies and procedure and organisation structure charts, but this is just the tip of the great iceberg floating underneath in the form of informal organisation which a manger has to face. This informal organisation includes informal leaders which have no formal authority given by organisation but they have their influence on many employees, to maintain good relation with such informal leaders as sometimes they can help in getting things done. Internally organisation is subdivided into many groups based on their nature of job, their ethnicity, their culture, their language having their own norms and sentiments managers need to identify such groups and make consistent effort to maintain peace in groups by serving the role of mediator, for smooth running of organisation. Organisation consist of another route of power which can be said as counter organisation, that can be seen in the form of labour unions which are formed to keep check on organis ation and make sure that profit hungry organisation dont exploit them. Such counter organisations are needed to be handled with great care. It can be said informal organisations are formed by the people of organisation to satisfaction of their cultural needs and a sense of personal identity and personal belonging. It also provides means to highlight deficiencies in the formal organisation such as excess time taken to complete a task. MASLOW THOERY OF MOTIVATION Motivation is a fundamental driving force behind people behaviour and performance. When the research was done to explain different aspects of motivation from an organisational behavioural perspective many theories or models used to describe the topic of motivation basically it is described as the extent to which persistent effort is directed towards a goal. It is very important to know about different types of motivation theories and their implementation in a group or organisation. These motivation theories specify the kinds of needs people has and condition in which they would want to exemplify these needs. Motivation can be internal or external. Example of external motivation is Deadlines. The fear of losing a contract or of not finishing a job on time you started is an example of internal motivation. Both internal and external motivation can be equally powerful. Why i am using this Maslows theory to reflect on my behaviour in group situations. This theory comes under content theories of motivation. There is significant relationship between behaviour and motivation particularly between group and individuals. Motivations of group have a serious impact on individual behaviour likewise the motivation of an individual can have serious impact on group. Abraham Maslow theory was proposed by Dr. Abraham Maslow in 1943, this theory is general overview of human motivation. His theory strikes a distinctive sense of balance between biological and social needs that integrates many motivational concept s. According to Maslow individual needs are set in a hierarchy, and everyone must satisfy their basic needs before they can satisfy their higher needs. The hierarchy is many times portrayed, as a pyramid beginning with physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top of this pyramid. The needs at the lower level are the most basic. These basic needs must be satisfy well before an individual can become concern with the higher needs like physiological needs, safety needs, security needs, social needs, law and affection, esteem needs. These needs must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these craving, people are moving toward growth, self-actualization, satisfying needs is healthy, which preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. Gareth Morgan suggests that employees are people with complex needs that must be satisfied if they are to lead perform effectively in a work place. Employees perform best when they are motivated by task, which will earn them some reward that satisfies their personal needs. Abraham Maslows theory of motivation most widely famous as hierarchy of needs states that human needs when arranged in form of hierarchy, ascending from lowest to the highest, as soon as need at lower level gets completed, the need at next level servers to be a motivator. Maslow divided human needs into five main categories such as physiological which include basic needs for sustaining life like food, water, shelter and sleep. According to Abraham Maslow there are five different levels in hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing Needs Self-actualizing Needs is the highest level of Maslows hierarchy of need. People are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Esteem Needs Esteem needs include the things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. Social Needs Social needs include belonging, love and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, love, romantic attachments and families help fulfil this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups. Security Needs Security needs include safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighbourhoods and shelter from the environment. Physiological Needs A physiological need is low needs. These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary unti l these physiological needs are met. Maslow was correct when he said that one need has to be fulfilled before we can move to the next one. Without sufficient amount sleep I wouldnt be able to think of nothing but sleep. Also if I am hungry food will be the only thing on my mind. But because each day I satisfy these basic needs I am able to think about other things because these needs are no longer controlling my thoughts. Next priority is given to security which includes freedom from physical danger and other fears like losing job, property, food, or shelter. Since people are social animals they need to belong, to be accepted by others, hence acceptance third in the list of needs. Once people satisfy their need to belong esteem needs emerge in the form of satisfactions as power, prestige, status and self-esteem and at last when all the other needs are satisfied need for self-actualization which is the desire to maximize ones potential and achieve something. Applying this theor y many organisations where suggested to motivate their employees by monetary gains or assuring security of their job. , Koontz, H, Weihrich (2008), Morgan (2006). There was a research conducted by Douglas T Hall and Khalil Nongame which studied needs of hierarchy involving a group of managers over a time span of five years. They found that there was no strong evidence of hierarchy, as managers get promoted in organisation their physiological needs tend to decrease, while on other hand needs for self-actualization tend to increase H, Koontz , H, Weihrich(2008). Upcoming flaws of Maslows theory the process theory of motivation stated, with the study of ones decision making process and determining how individual behaviour is energised, directed and maintained. The major process theory of motivation includes expectancy theory, equity theory, goal setting theory and reinforcement theory. In my classroom activities I am relating this theorys to my classroom activities in a group. Wh en considered my experience in a group situation once while doing a group presentation in collage we all are five people. We had a 20 days time to presentation and from first day we all thought to meet at my place but no one turn up this happened many time every one say some other reason. It happened for all 19 day only 1 day left to submit the presentation than I thought to divide the task to my group members. Each one is assign a separate task and the task should complete before the particular schedule time. With this I emerge as leader that made me influenza ion as Leadership. Not only Leadership but also motivation In order to sleep tonight I have to complete my task of presentation before sleep. I need to satisfy my physiological need that is to sleep in time. I should complete the presentation before night CONCLUSION According to the trait theory the question arises of weather a leader is born or developed. There is no defined answer as many theorists have different answ ers to this. Understanding the concepts from above of motivation its rewards systems as to how useful it is for a leader to understand how it can be utilized in getting work done from people, decision making and its importance in growing more efficient, managing change and adapting quickly to it, understanding human perceptions and how they affect management, understanding the value of power in an organization without which a leader is nothing, politics and control and the other factors finally lead towards the understanding that leaders are developed. Many individuals may be born with the skill to be a leader this does not prove that he grows up to be an effective leader. However he can develop the ability to become one. Experience and the urge to learn can help one become an efficient leader. According to my understanding a person might be born with natural abilities to become a leader. This assignment is very useful to assess my past behaviour to the present behaviour and ways to develop the behaviour and to assess the performance by using these theories in a group. These are the two oldest theories what I used because older principles are the basic for anything i.e. the applications should follows the basic principle. Only few people are reached the self-actualization concept in the Leadership theory and Maslows theory. I am very much willing to taste that step. So I am going to putting my effort in this way and also looking the ways to develop. In my opinion if the group activities are conducted from the child hood they will be a very useful to the individual to improve their personality, behaviour and from that the concept of Leadership and motivation skills will also improve for the betterment of the future.